Hōʻikeʻike ʻoihana lole lole honua

Wahi a kahi hōʻike i hala iho nei, ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻoihana textile honua ma kahi o USD 920 biliona, a hiki i ka $ 1,230 biliona e 2024.

Ua ulu nui ka ʻoihana lole mai ka wā i hana ʻia ai ka pulupulu gin i ke kenekulia 18. Hōʻike kēia haʻawina i nā ʻano lole lole hou loa a puni ka honua a ʻimi i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana. ʻO nā textiles nā huahana i hana ʻia mai ka fiber, filaments, yarn, a i ʻole thread, a hiki ke ʻenehana a maʻamau paha ma muli o kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana. Hana ʻia nā textiles ʻenehana no kahi hana kikoʻī. ʻO nā laʻana he kānana aila a he diaper paha. Hana ʻia nā textile maʻamau no ka aesthetics ma mua, akā hiki nō ke hoʻohana. ʻO nā laʻana e like me nā ʻaʻahu a me nā kāmaʻa.

ʻO ka ʻoihana textile kahi mākeke honua nui e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻāina o ka honua a i ʻole pololei a i ʻole. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻonui ka poʻe kūʻai pulupulu i nā kumukūʻai i ka hopena o ka makahiki 2000 ma muli o nā pilikia o nā mea kanu akā ua pau ka pulupulu i ke kūʻai koke ʻia ʻana. Ua ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai a me ka liʻiliʻi i nā kumukūʻai kūʻai aku o nā huahana i loaʻa i ka pulupulu, e alakaʻi ana i ke kūʻai haʻahaʻa. He laʻana koʻikoʻi kēia o ka hopena o kēlā me kēia mea pāʻani i ka ʻoihana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, hahai nā ʻano a me ka ulu ʻana i kēia lula.

Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona honua, ʻo ka ʻoihana textile kahi mākeke ulu mau, me nā mea hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi ʻo Kina, ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me India.

Kina: ʻO ka mea alakaʻi a me ka mea hoʻopuka honua

ʻO Kina ka mea hana nui a me ka mea kūʻai aku i nā lole maka a me nā lole. A ʻoiai ke lawe aku nei ʻo Kina i nā lole liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lole i ka honua ma muli o ka maʻi maʻi coronavirus, mālama ka ʻāina i ke kūlana ʻo ia ka mea hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka mea hoʻopuka. ʻO ka mea nui, ua hāʻule ka mākeke o Kina i nā lole lole honua mai kona kiʻekiʻe o 38.8% i ka makahiki 2014 i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 30.8% i 2019 (he 31.3% i 2018), e like me ka WTO. Eia nō naʻe, ua helu ʻo Kina i 39.2% o nā mea hoʻoiho i ka honua i ka makahiki 2019, kahi moʻolelo kiʻekiʻe. He mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka hana koʻikoʻi o Kina ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako lole no nā ʻāina e lawe ana i nā lole ma Asia.

Nā mea pāʻani hou: India, Vietnam a me Bangladesh

Wahi a ka WTO, ʻo India ke kolu o ka ʻoihana hana lole lole nui loa a paʻa ka waiwai kūʻai aku ma mua o USD 30 biliona. ʻO India ke kuleana no ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 6% o ka nui o ka hana textile, ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, a ua waiwai ʻia ma kahi o USD 150 biliona.

Ua ʻoi aku ʻo Vietnam ma mua o Taiwan a ua koho ʻo ia i ka ʻehiku o ka mea kūʻai lole lole nui loa ma ka honua ma 2019 ($8.8bn o nā mea hoʻoiho, ʻoi aku ka 8.3% mai ka makahiki ma mua), ʻo ka manawa mua ma ka mōʻaukala. Hōʻike ka hoʻololi i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o Vietnam e hoʻomau i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kāna ʻoihana lole a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka mana hana lole kūloko e uku ana.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā lole mai Vietnam (piʻi i 7.7%) a me Bangladesh (piʻi i 2.1%) i hauʻoli i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo piha i ka makahiki 2019, ua kaupalena ʻia ko lākou loaʻa ʻana i nā māhele mākeke (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe loli no Vietnam a piʻi iki. 0.3 pakeneka helu mai 6.8% a i 6.5% no Bangladesh). Hōʻike kēia hopena ma muli o ka palena o ka hiki, ʻaʻohe ʻāina i kū mai e lilo i "Next China." Akā, ua hoʻokō ʻia nā māhele mākeke nalowale o Kina i nā lole hoʻokuʻu ʻia e kahi hui o nā ʻāina ʻAsia holoʻokoʻa.

Ua ʻike ka mākeke textile i ka holo ʻana o ka roller coaster i nā makahiki i hala. Ma muli o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka ʻāina, ka pōʻino o nā mea kanu, a me ka nele o ka huahana, ua nui nā ʻano pilikia e keʻakeʻa ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana lole. ʻO ka ʻoihana textile ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ʻike i ka ulu koʻikoʻi i ka hapalua o nā makahiki i hala a ua hoʻonui ʻia e 14% i kēlā manawa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i ulu nui ka hana, ua pōʻeleʻele ia, he ʻokoʻa nui ia mai ka hopena o 2000s i ka wā he nui nā layoffs.

E like me kēia lā, ua manaʻo ʻia ma waena o 20 miliona a me 60 miliona mau kānaka e hana ana i ka ʻoihana lole a puni ka honua. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hana ma ka ʻoihana lole i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana e like me India, Pakistan, a me Vietnam. Aia ka ʻoihana ma kahi o 2% o ka Gross Domestic Product o ka honua a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka GDP no nā mea hana nui o ka honua a me nā mea kūʻai aku i nā lole a me nā lole.